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Biodynamic wine
Biodynamic wines are wines made using the principles of biodynamic agriculture. Biodynamic refers to both the agricultural methods and the handling and processing of the fruit post-harvest.
==Biodynamic viticulture==
The practice of biodynamics in viticulture (grape growing) has become popular in recent years〔Paul Gregutt, "Not Woo-Woo Anymore: More and more wineries are tasting the benefits of saving the soil", ''The Seattle Times'', November 20, 2005. (Reprint copy ). Accessed 2008-07-12.〕 in several growing regions, including France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, Australia, Chile, South Africa, Canada, and the United States.〔Jack Everitt, (Master List of 475 Biodynamic Wine Producers ), as of July 10, 2008, ''Fork & Bottle''. Accessed 2008-07-12.〕〔P. C. Howard, (The Wine Alchemy Biodynamic Directory ), July 2008, ''Wine Alchemy''. Includes the status of BD credentials. Accessed 2008-07-12.〕 A number of very high-end, high-profile commercial growers have converted recently to biodynamic practices. According to an article in ''Fortune'', many of the top estates in France, "including Domaine Leroy in Burgundy, Château de la Roche-aux-Moines in the Loire, Maison Chapoutier in the Rhone Valley, and Domaine Zind-Humbrecht in Alsace," follow biodynamic viticulture.〔Jean K. Reilly, "Moonshine, Part 1: Why are top winemakers burying cow horns filled with manure on the equinox? Because it seems to help make great wine", ''Fortune'', August 9, 2004. (Reprint ). Accessed 2008-07-11.〕 There are currently more than 450 biodynamic wine producers worldwide.〔〔 Currently, for a wine to be labeled “biodynamic” it has to meet the stringent standards laid down by the Demeter Association,〔Demeter Calls, Biodynamic Wines: An Expression of Terroir? published by (novusvinum.com )〕 which is an internationally recognized certifying body.
Like biodynamic agriculture in general, biodynamic viticulture stems from the ideas and suggestions of Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925), who gave his now famous ''Agriculture Course'' in 1924, predating most of the organic movement. The principles and practices of biodynamics are based on his spiritual/practical philosophy, called anthroposophy, which includes understanding the ecological, the energetic, and the spiritual in nature.
As a practical method of farming, biodynamics embodies the ideal of ever-increasing ecological self-sufficiency just as with modern agro-ecology, but includes ethical-spiritual considerations. This type of viticulture views the farm as a cohesive, interconnected living system.〔("Eco-Friendly Wines," ''The Daily Green'',October 1, 2009 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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